Crystallography and Diffraction – Study of crystals by x-ray, electron and neutron diffraction. Includes basic diffraction theory as well as methods for characterizing the structure, composition and stresses in crystalline materials.
This course is
required for MSCI undergrads and may also be appropriate for students in CHEM,
CENG, PHYS,
Lectures
& Topics
1 |
Introduction. |
2 |
Production, discovery & applications of cathode rays & x-rays. |
1 |
Properties of x-rays. Emission, absorption, detection & safety precautions. |
2 |
Crystal lattices and their symmetry. Space groups. |
2 |
The reciprocal lattice and stereographic projection. |
2 |
Diffraction, constructive & destructive interference, Bragg's Law. Experimental methods for single & polycrystalline samples, effect of crystallite size (thickness) per Scherrer’s eqn. |
2 |
Scattering of x-rays by electrons, atoms and unit cells. |
3 |
Structure factor for various crystals, other factors affecting intensity of diffracted beams, application to powder diffraction. |
1 |
Use of CaRIne or PowderCell software. Use of intensity ratios to determine volume fractions of phases present. |
3 |
Indexing of diffraction patterns and determination of crystal structure. Precise determination of lattice parameters. |
2 |
Determination of phase diagrams. Ordered and disordered alloys. |
1 |
Measurement of micro-strain and residual macro-stress. Separation of line broadening due to micro-strain and crystallite size. |
2 |
Comparison of x-ray, electron & neutron diffraction methods; scattering factors for electrons; Ewald construction in reciprocal space. |
2 |
Selected area diffraction (SAD) on the transmission electron microscope (TEM), indexing of SAD patterns. |
1 |
Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) |
1 |
Quasicrystals, discovered in 1984. |
Optional
Supplemental
X-Ray Diffraction by B.E. Warren, Dover 1990 (Addison-Wesley, 1969) $17 ...rigorous graduate-level text, detailed mathematical theory, includes thermal vibration effects, order-disorder phenomena, crystal imperfections, structure of amorphous materials, and diffraction of x-rays in perfect crystals. On reserve at Fondren library.
Fundamentals of Crystallography by Giacovazzo, Monaco, Viterbo, Giacovazzo & Scordari, Oxford U. Press, 1992 $34 ...advanced graduate level text from IUCr, includes crystal symmetry, computational methods, physics of diffraction, instrumentation & methods, ionic and molecular crystals, protein crystallography, etc.
Introduction
to Diffraction in Materials Science and Engineering by A. D. Krawitz. A well-written book, intended as a
one-semester introduction, on a level comparable to our text, but with more
emphasis on neutron diffraction and little concerning electron
diffraction. On reserve at Fondren library.
Metals Handbook 9th ed. by ASM Handbook Committee, Volume 10, Materials Characterization See: "X-Ray Spectrometry" p. 82, "X-Ray Powder Diffraction" p. 333, "Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction" p. 344, "Neutron Diffraction" p. 420, "Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy" p. 429
Metals Handbook 8th ed. by ASM Handbook Committee, Volume 8, Metallography, Structures and Phase Diagrams. See: "Crystal Structure" p. 233-250, "Ordered Structures" p. 205-206, "Textured Structures" p. 229-232. ... The Metals Handbook is a great resource for all practicing crystallographers, materials scientists, metallurgists, and ceramicists.
The Basics of
Crystallography and Diffraction by C. Hammond,
Introduction
to Crystallography by Donald E. Sands. Another nice $12 paperback from
Quasicrystals:
A Primer
2nd Ed. by C. Janot,
The Annual
Book of
Resources On the Web
NOTICE
Any student with a
disability requiring accommodations in this course is encouraged to contact me
after class or during office hours. Additionally, students will need to contact
Disability Support Services in the