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Contents:
Ling 215 Course Page
New Words in English
Linguistics
Department
Rice University
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Words in English
Linguistics/English 215
Prof. S. Kemmer
STUDY GUIDE -- FINAL REVIEW
The final exam is comprehensive, but with a greater focus on the
content of the second half of the course (starting with Semantic
change in the list of topics below, and especially the topics since
the second midterm). [Items in brackets are topics we didn't get to;
don't worry about them.]
History of English
Old English (Anglo-Saxon)
Middle English Norman conquest
Early Modern English Battle of Hastings
Present Day English (PDE) Edward the Confessor
Celts Harold Godwinson
Romans William of Normandy (William the Conqueror)
Anglo-Saxons Norman French
Beowulf Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales
King Alfred (Alfred the Great) William Caxton, printing press
Vikings, Danes Great English Vowel Shift
Ethelred the Unready King James Bible
Canute (Cnut) Shakespeare
Danelaw, Watling Street Samuel Johnson
Normans Noah Webster
standard language, standardized spelling
Words in English
native synonyms
borrowed polysemy
nativized, nativization homonyms
loanword, borrowing doublets
Morphology
morpheme parse, parsing
root allomorphs, allomorphy
affix assimilation
prefix ablaut
suffix metathesis
inflection weakening
derivation insertion
compounds, compounding deletion
filler, linker morpheme rhotacism
transparent, opaque
Phonetics (vanishingly little of it on final. Perhaps for parsing.)
consonants fricative
voicing affricate
larynx (voice box), vocal chords nasal
place of articulation liquid
lips, bilabial approximant
labiodental lateral
interdental voicing assimilation
alveolar, alveolar ridge place assimilation
palatal-alveolar manner assimilation
( = alveo-palatal) partial, total assimilation
hard palate, palatal vowels
soft palate (velum), velar vowel frontness: front/central/back
glottis, glottal vowel height: high/mid/low
manner of articulation diphthong
stop (plosive)
Semantic change
etymology euphemism
polysemy taboo
widening (generalization) amelioration
narrowing (specialization) degeneration, pejoration
metaphor synechdoche
metonymy [fossilization, fossil morphemes]
Latin and Greek morphology
inflection nominative (subject case)
stem accusative (direct object case)
inflectional categories dative (indirect object case)
grammatical gender genitive (possessive case)
masculine, feminine, neuter verb conjugation class
noun declension principal parts
grammatical number infinitive
singular, plural, [dual] participles: past, present, future
case voice: active, passive
The deeper roots of English
genetic relationship Celtic
regular sound change Italic, Romance
sound correspondence Hellenic, Greek
cognate Baltic
reconstruction Slavic
linguistic archeology Indic
Grimm's law Iranian
Indo-European Armenian
The Indo-Europeans Illyrian, Albanian
Proto-Indo-European Anatolian, Hittite
Germanic Tocharian
Usage and variation
descriptivism stylistic variation (register)
descriptive grammar written vs. spoken language
prescriptivism formal vs. informal
prescriptive grammar slang (characteristics of)
standard, standard language Cockney rhyming slang
language purists jargon
shibboleth colloquial language
language variation [argot (thieves' secret language)]
geographical variation [language games (pig latin, etc.)]
(dialectology) [language play (punning, plays on words)]
social variation
Word formation
productive, productivity eponym, eponymy
coining, de novo creation acronym
derivation blend, blending
zero-derivation clipping
compound, compounding back-formation
[phrasal compound] sound symbolism
rhyming compound phonaesthemes, phonaesthesia
creativity onomotopeia
conventionalization nonce words
© 1998 Suzanne Kemmer
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