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Journal of Economic Literature
Classification System Menu
Click on the subject category below to see the full list of JEL
classifications for that category. The menu itself is used in the
Annotated Listing of New Books section of JEL. It is also the system used
for specifying Major Fields of the American Economic
Association membership. See the
EconLit subject
descriptors for the classifications used in EconLit.
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changed listing
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Subject
descriptors on EconLit correspond to the JEL
classification system below. Click on any main heading to see the
corresponding EconLit subject descriptors.
- A - General
Economics and Teaching
- A00 - General
- A1 - General Economics
- A10 - General
- A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists
- A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
- A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
- A14 - Sociology of Economics
- A19 - Other
-
- A2 - Teaching of Economics
- A20 - General
- A21 - Precollege
- A22 - Undergraduate
- A23 - Graduate
- A29 - Other
- B -
Methodology and History of Economic Thought
- B00 - General
- B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
- B10 - General
- B11 - Preclassical
- B12 - Classical
- B13 - Neoclassical through 1925
- B14 - Socialist; Marxist
- B15 - Historical; Institutional
- B19 - Other
-
- B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
- B20 - General
- B21 - Microeconomics
- B22 - Macroeconomics
- B23 - Econometrics; Quantitative Studies
- B24 - Socialist; Marxist
- B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary
- B29 - Other
-
- B3 - History of Thought: - Individuals
- B30 - General
- B31 - Individuals
-
- B4 - Economic Methodology
- B40 - General
- B41 - Economic Methodology
- B49 - Other
- C -
Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
- C00 - General
-
- C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: - General
- C10 - General
- C11 - Bayesian Analysis
- C12 - Hypothesis Testing
- C13 - Estimation
- C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods
- C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods; Monte Carlo Methods
- C19 - Other
-
- C2 - Econometric Methods: - Single Equation Models
- C20 - General
- C21 - Cross-Sectional Models
- C22 - Time-Series Models
- C23 - Models with Panel Data
- C24 - Truncated and Censored Models
- C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models
- C29 - Other
-
- C3 - Econometric Methods: - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models
- C30 - General
- C31 - Cross-Sectional Models
- C32 - Time-Series Models
- C33 - Models with Panel Data
- C34 - Truncated and Censored Models
- C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models
- C39 - Other
-
- C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: - Special Topics
- C40 - General
- C41 - Duration Analysis
- C42 - Survey Methods
- C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
- C44 - Statistical Decision Theory; Operations Research
- C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
- C49 - Other
-
- C5 - Econometric Modeling
- C50 - General
- C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
- C52 - Model Evaluation and Testing
- C53 - Forecasting and Other Model Applications
- C59 - Other
-
- C6 - Mathematical Methods and Programming
- C60 - General
- C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic
Analysis
- C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
- C63 - Computational Techniques
- C67 - Input-Output Models
- C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
- C69 - Other
-
- C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
- C70 - General
- C71 - Cooperative Games
- C72 - Noncooperative Games
- C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games
- C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
- C79 - Other
-
- C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer
Programs
- C80 - General
- C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing
Microeconomic Data
- C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing
Macroeconomic Data
- C87 - Econometric Software
- C88 - Other Computer Software
- C89 - Other
-
- C9 - Design of Experiments
- C90 - General
- C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
- C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
- C93 - Field Experiments
- C99 - Other
-
- D -
Microeconomics
- D00 - General
-
- D1 - Household Behavior
- D10 - General
- D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
- D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
- D13 - Household Production
- D18 - Consumer Protection
- D19 - Other
-
- D2 - Production and Organizations
- D20 - General
- D21 - Firm Behavior
- D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
- D24 - Production; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity
- D29 - Other
-
- D3 - Distribution
- D30 - General
- D31 - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
- D33 - Factor Income Distribution
- D39 - Other
-
- D4 - Market Structure and Pricing
- D40 - General
- D41 - Perfect Competition
- D42 - Monopoly
- D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
- D44 - Auctions
- D45 - Rationing; Licensing
- D46 - Value Theory
- D49 - Other
-
- D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
- D50 - General
- D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
- D52 - Incomplete Markets
- D57 - Input-Output Analysis
- D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
- D59 - Other
-
- D6 - Economic Welfare
- D60 - General
- D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
- D62 - Externalities
- D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria
and Measurement
- D64 - Altruism
- D69 - Other
-
- D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
- D70 - General
- D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees
- D72 - Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking,
- Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
- D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public
Organizations
- D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution
- D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
- D79 - Other
-
- D8 - Information and Uncertainty
- D80 - General
- D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
- D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information
- D83 - Search, Learning, and Information
- D84 - Expectations; Speculations
- D89 - Other
-
- D9 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth
- D90 - General
- D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
- D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or
Financing
- D99 - Other
-
- E -
Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
- E00 - General
-
- E1 - General Aggregative Models
- E10 - General
- E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
- E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
- E13 - Neoclassical
- E17 - Forecasting and Simulation
- E19 - Other
-
- E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
- E20 - General
- E21 - Consumption; Saving
- E22 - Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity
- E23 - Production
- E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages
- E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
- E27 - Forecasting and Simulation
- E29 - Other
-
- E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
- E30 - General
- E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
- E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
- E37 - Forecasting and Simulation
- E39 - Other
-
- E4 - Money and Interest Rates
- E40 - General
- E41 - Demand for Money
- E42 - Monetary Standards and Regimes; Government and the Monetary
System
- E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest
Rates
- E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
- E47 - Forecasting and Simulation
- E49 - Other
-
- E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and
Credit
- E50 - General
- E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
- E52 - Monetary Policy (Targets, Instruments, and Effects)
- E53 - Deposit Insurance
- E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
- E59 - Other
-
- E6 - Macroeconomic - Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic
Policy,
- and General Outlook
- E60 - General
- E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy
Coordination
- E62 - Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance;
Taxation
- E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary or
Stabilization Policy
- E64 - Incomes Policy; Price Policy
- E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
- E66 - General Outlook and Conditions
- E69 - Other
-
- F -
International Economics
- F00 - - General
- F01 - Global Outlook
- F02 - International Economic Order; Economic Integration: General
-
- F1 - Trade
- F10 - General
- F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
- F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale
Economies
- F13 - Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations
- F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade
- F15 - Economic Integration
- F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
F18 - Trade and
Environment ![]()
- F19 - Other
-
-
- F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
- F20 - General
- F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
- F22 - International Migration
- F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
- F29 - Other
-
- F3 - International Finance
- F30 - General
- F31 - Foreign Exchange
- F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
- F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
- F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
- F35 - Foreign Aid
- F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
- F39 - Other
-
- F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
- F40 - General
- F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
- F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
- F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
- F47 - Forecasting and Simulation
- F49 - Other
-
- G - Financial
Economics
- G00 - - General
-
- G1 - General Financial Markets
- G10 - General
- G11 - Portfolio Choice
- G12 - Asset Pricing
- G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
- G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
- G15 - International Financial Markets
- G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
- G19 - Other
-
- G2 - Financial Institutions and Services
- G20 - General
- G21 - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Mortgages
- G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies
- G23 - Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions
- G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
- G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
- G29 - Other
-
- G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance
- G30 - General
- G31 - Capital Budgeting; Investment Policy
- G32 - Financing Policy; Capital and Ownership Structure
- G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
- G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
- G35 - Payout Policy
- G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
- G39 - Other
-
- H - Public
Economics
- H00 - - General
-
- H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
- H10 - General
- H11 - Structure and Scope of Government
- H19 - Other
-
- H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- H20 - General
- H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
- H22 - Incidence
- H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects
- H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
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- H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
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- H26 - Tax Evasion
- H29 - Other
-
- H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
- H30 - General
- H31 - Household
- H32 - Firm
- H39 - Other
-
- H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
- H40 - General
- H41 - Public Goods
- H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
- H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate
- H49 - Other
-
- H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
- H50 - General
- H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
- H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
- H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
- H54 - Infrastructures
- H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
- H56 - National Security and War
- H57 - Procurement
- H59 - Other
-
- H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
- H60 - General
- H61 - Budget; Budget Systems
- H62 - Deficit
- H63 - Debt; Debt Management
- H69 - Other
-
- H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
-
- H70 - General
- H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
- H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
- H74 - State and Local Borrowing
- H77 - Intergovernmental Relations
- H79 - Other
-
- H8 - Miscellaneous Issues
- H80 - General
- H81 - Governmental Loans and Credits
- H82 - Governmental Property
- H87 - International Fiscal Issues
- H89 - Other
-
- I - Health,
Education, and Welfare
- I00 - - General
-
- I1 - Health
- I10 - General
- I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
- I12 - Health Production: Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity,
Disability, and Economic Behavior
- I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
- I19 - Other
-
- I2 - Education
- I20 - General
- I21 - Analysis of Education
- I22 - Educational Finance
- I28 - Government Policy
- I29 - Other
-
- I3 - Welfare and Poverty
- I30 - General
- I31 - General Welfare; Basic Needs; Quality of Life
- I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
- I38 - Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
- I39 - Other
-
- J - Labor and
Demographic Economics
- J00 - General
-
- J1 - Demographic Economics
- J10 - General
- J11 - Demographic Trends and Forecasts
- J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
- J13 - Fertility; Child Care; Children; Youth
- J14 - Economics of the Elderly
- J15 - Economics of Minorities
- J16 - Economics of Gender
- J17 - Value of Life; Foregone Income
- J18 - Public Policy
- J19 - Other
-
- J2 - Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination
- J20 - General
- J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
- J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
- J23 - Employment Determination; Demand for Labor; Self-employment
- J24 - Human Capital Formation; Occupational Choice; Labor
Productivity
- J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies
- J28 - Safety; Accidents; Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction;
Related Public Policy
- J29 - Other
-
- J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
- J30 - General
- J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials by Skill,
Training, Occupation, etc.
- J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions
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- J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
- J38 - Public Policy
- J39 - Other
-
- J4 - Particular Labor Markets
- J40 - General
- J41 - Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching Models,
- Efficiency Wage Models, and Internal Labor Markets
- J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
- J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
- J44 - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations
- J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
- J49 - Other
-
- J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective
Bargaining
- J50 - General
- J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
- J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes; Arbitration; Mediation
- J53 - Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
- J54 - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms
- J58 - Public Policy
- J59 - Other
-
- J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies
- J60 - General
- J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
- J62 - Occupational and Intergenerational Mobility
- J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
- J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
- J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
- J68 - Public Policy
- J69 - Other
-
- J7 - Discrimination
- J70 - General
- J71 - Discrimination
- J78 - Public Policy
- J79 - Other
-
- K - Law and
Economics
- K00 - - General
-
- K1 - Basic Areas of Law
- K10 - General
- K11 - Property Law
- K12 - Contract Law
- K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability
- K14 - Criminal Law
- K19 - Other
-
- K2 - Regulation and Business Law
- K20 - General
- K21 - Antitrust Law
- K22 - Corporation and Securities Law
- K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
- K29 - Other
-
- K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
- K30 - General
- K31 - Labor Law
- K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
- K33 - International Law
- K34 - Tax Law
- K39 - Other
-
- K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
- K40 - General
- K41 - Litigation Process
- K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
- K49 - Other
-
- L -
Industrial Organization
- L00 - General
-
- L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
- L10 - General
- L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution
of Firms
- L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
- L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
- L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation
- L15 - Information and Product Quality
- L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic
Industrial Structure
- L19 - Other
-
- L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
- L20 - General
- L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
- L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs.
Hierarchies; Vertical Integration
- L23 - Organization of Production
- L29 - Other
-
- L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
- L30 - General
- L31 - Nonprofit Institutions
- L32 - Public Enterprises
- L33 - Boundaries of Public and Private Enterprise; Privatization;
Contracting Out
- L39 - Other
-
- L4 - Antitrust Policy
- L40 - General
- L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
- L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity
Discounts
- L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
- L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit
Institutions, and Professional Organizations
- L49 - Other
-
- L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
- L50 - General
- L51 - Economics of Regulation
- L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
- L59 - Other
-
- L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
- L60 - General
- L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
- L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
- L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
- L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment
- L65 - Chemicals; Drugs
- L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco
- L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and
Leather
- L68 - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
- L69 - Other
-
- L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
- L70 - General
- L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
- L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable
Resources
- L73 - Forest Products: Lumber and Paper
- L74 - Construction
- L79 - Other
-
- L8 - Industry Studies: Services
- L80 - General
- L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing
- L82 - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts,
Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)
- L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
- L84 - Personal and Professional Services
- L85 - Real Estate Services
- L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
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- L89 - Other
-
- L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
- L90 - General
- L91 - Transportation: General
- L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses,
Trucks, and Water Carriers
- L93 - Air Transportation
- L94 - Electric Utilities
- L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
- L96 - Telecommunications
- L97 - Utilities: General
- L98 - Government Policy
- L99 - Other
-
- M - Business
Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting
- M00 - - General
-
- M1 - Business Administration
- M10 - General
- M11 - Production Management
- M12 - Personnel Management
- M13 - Entrepreneurship
- M14 - Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
- M19 - Other
-
- M2 - Business Economics
- M20 - General
- M21 - Business Economics
- M29 - Other
-
- M3 - Marketing and Advertising
- M30 - General
- M31 - Marketing
- M37 - Advertising
- M39 - Other
-
- M4 - Accounting
- M40 - General
- M41 - Accounting
- M49 - Other
-
- N - Economic
History
- N00 - - General
- N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources
and Methods
-
- N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and
Fluctuations
- N10 - General, International, or Comparative
- N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N14 - Europe: 1913-71
- N15 - Asia including Middle East
- N16 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N17 - Africa; Oceania
-
- N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions
- N20 - General, International, or Comparative
- N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N23 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N24 - Europe: 1913-71
- N25 - Asia including Middle East
- N26 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N27 - Africa; Oceania
-
- N3 - Labor, Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth
- N30 - General, International, or Comparative
- N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N34 - Europe: 1913-71
- N35 - Asia including Middle East
- N36 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N37 - Africa; Oceania
-
- N4 - Government, War, Law, and Regulation
- N40 - General, International, or Comparative
- N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N44 - Europe: 1913-71
- N45 - Asia including Middle East
- N46 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N47 - Africa; Oceania
-
- N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive
Industries
- N50 - General, International, or Comparative
- N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N54 - Europe: 1913-71
- N55 - Asia including Middle East
- N56 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N57 - Africa; Oceania
-
- N6 - Manufacturing and Construction
- N60 - General, International, or Comparative
- N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N64 - Europe: 1913-71
- N65 - Asia including Middle East
- N66 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N67 - Africa; Oceania
-
- N7 - Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and
Other Services
- N70 - General, International, or Comparative
- N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N74 - Europe: 1913-71
- N75 - Asia including Middle East
- N76 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N77 - Africa; Oceania
-
- N8 - Micro-Business History
- N80 - General, International, or Comparative
- N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N83 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N84 - Europe: 1913-71
- N85 - Asia including Middle East
- N86 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N87 - Africa; Oceania
-
- O - Economic
Development, Technological Change, and Growth
- O00 - General
- O1 - Economic Development
- O10 - General
- O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary
Products
- O14 - Industrialization; Choice of Technology
- O15 - Human Resources; Income Distribution; Migration
- O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment
- O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional
Arrangements
- O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses
- O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International
Organizations
-
- O2 - Development Planning and Policy
- O20 - General
- O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
- O22 - Project Analysis
- O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
- O29 - Other
-
- O3 - Technological Change
- O30 - General
- O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
- O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
- O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences
- O34 - Intellectual Property Rights: National and International
Issues
- O38 - Government Policy
- O39 - Other
-
- O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
- O40 - General
- O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
- O42 - Monetary Growth Models
- O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity
- O49 - Other
-
- O5 - Economywide Country Studies
- O50 - General
- O51 - U.S.; Canada
- O52 - Europe
- O53 - Asia including Middle East
- O54 - Latin America; Caribbean
- O55 - Africa
- O56 - Oceania
- O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
-
- P - Economic
Systems
- P00 - General
-
- P1 - Capitalist Systems
- P10 - General
- P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
- P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
- P16 - Political Economy
- P17 - Performance and Prospects
- P19 - Other
-
- P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
- P20 - General
- P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- P22 - Prices
- P23 - Factor and Product Markets
- P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- P26 - Political Economy
- P27 - Performance and Prospects
- P29 - Other
-
- P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
- P30 - General
- P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
- P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agricultural Institutions
- P33 - International Linkages
- P34 - Finance
- P35 - Public Finance
- P36 - Household Behavior
- P39 - Other
-
- P4 - Other Economic Systems
- P40 - General
- P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices
- P43 - Finance; Public Finance
- P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- P45 - International Linkages
- P46 - Household Behavior
- P47 - Performance and Prospects
- P49 - Other
-
- P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
- P50 - General
- P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
- P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
- P59 - Other
-
- Q -
Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics
- Q00 - General
-
- Q1 - Agriculture
- Q10 - General
- Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
- Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm
Input Markets
- Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives;
Agribusiness
- Q14 - Agricultural Finance
- Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation
- Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension
Services
- Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
- Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
- Q19 - Other
-
- Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental
Management
- Q20 - General
- Q21 - Demand and Supply
- Q22 - Fishery
- Q23 - Forestry
- Q24 - Land
- Q25 - Water; Air
- Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources; Contingent
Valuation Methods
- Q28 - Government Policy
- Q29 - Other
-
- Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
- Q30 - General
- Q31 - Demand and Supply
- Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
- Q33 - Resource Booms
- Q38 - Government Policy
- Q39 - Other
-
- Q4 - Energy
- Q40 - General
- Q41 - Demand and Supply
- Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
- Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
- Q48 - Government Policy
- Q49 - Other
-
- R - Urban,
Rural, and Regional Economics
- R00 - General
-
- R1 - General Spatial Economics
- R10 - General
- R11 - Analysis of Growth, Development, and Changes
- R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
- R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of
Regional Economies
- R14 - Land Use Patterns
- R15 - Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models
- R19 - Other
-
- R2 - Household Analysis
- R20 - General
- R21 - Housing Demand
- R22 - Other Demand
- R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
- R29 - Other
-
- R3 - Production Analysis and Firm Location
- R30 - General
- R31 - Housing Supply and Markets
- R32 - Other Production and Pricing Analysis
- R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
- R34 - Input Demand Analysis
- R38 - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies
- R39 - Other
-
- R4 - Transportation Systems
- R40 - General
- R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion
- R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis
- R48 - Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies
- R49 - Other
-
- R5 - Regional Government Analysis
- R50 - General
- R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
- R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations
- R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and
Capital Stock
- R58 - Regional Development Policy
- R59 - Other
- Z - Other
Special Topics
- Z00 - General
-
- Z1 - Cultural Economics
- Z10 - General
- Z11 - Economics of the Arts
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- Z12 - Religion
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- Z13 - Social Norms and Social Capital
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Updated 12/20/99
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