FORCED CONVECTION
Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot
section 9.8



Figure 1. An illustration of forced convection - a forced stream of air over the heated pipe takes heat away from the pipe



Figure 2. Use this annular ring to get differential equations for the temperature distribution in laminar tube flow. (with energy balances)






We start this section with the same equation in dimensionless form.







It makes sense that theta is negative, because T should be less than To for a forced convection heat transfer situation.