10.6 Heat conduction through composite Walls: Addition of Resistances
Q=H*W*hN*(T[N]-Tb)
Tb
_____________ x=X[3], T=T[3] for N=3
/ ks[3] /
/------------/|x=X[2], T=T[2]
/ ks[2] /||
x/------------/ ||x=X[1], T=T[1]
_/___ks[1]____/| ||x=X[0], T=T[0]
^| || ||
|| || |/
H| || /
|| ||/
_|____________|/
|<---W------>|
Ta
Q=H*W*h0*(Ta-T[0])
> restart;
> N:=3; Number of sections. This may be set to any positive integer.
> A:=W*H; The area perpendicular to the direction of heat conduction
> Q:= (x,k)-> -k*A*D(t)(x); Both k and x determine the heat flow rate
> deq:=limit((Q(x+dx,k)-Q(x,k))/(k*A*dx),dx=0)=0; The heat into any element at x must equal the amount that leaves at x+dx
> X:=array(0...N); T:=array(0...N); Defining X and T as vectors with N+1 elements in each one
> s:=dsolve({deq,t(X[m])=T[m],t(X[m+1])=T[m+1]},t(x)); Solving the DE with BC at X[m] and X[m+1].
> assign(s); t:=unapply(t(x),x); Making t a function of x
> eqs:=array(0...N+1);ks:=array(1...N); Making eqs and ks vectors
> Qv(m):=Q(x,ks[m+1]); The heat transfer rate in each interval is a constant independent of x and must also be equal to some common value in all intervals since heat is not lost or gained at the interfaces. Making Qv a function of m
> Qv:=unapply(Qv(m),m);
If Q0 is the common value of Q in the intervals then, we should have
the following hold for the first interval:
> m:=1;
> eqs[m+1]:=Qv(m)=Q0;
> for j from 0 to N-1 do We will set our equations so the LHS equals the temperature difference in it.
> eqs[j+1]:=simplify((Qv(j)=Q0)*(X[j]-X[j+1])/(ks[j+1]*A));
> od; This specifies the equations for each of the intervals in the solid
> eqs[0]:=T[0]-Ta=-Q0/(h0*A); eqs[N+1]:=Tb-T[N]=-Q0/(hN*A); Now we will add the equations for each end where h0 and hN are heat transfer coefficients
> eq:=simplify(sum(eqs[k],k=0...N+1)); Summing all the equations
> Q0:=solve(eq,Q0);
> U:=simplify(Q0/((Ta-Tb)*A));
> InvU:=expand(1/U); This looks a lot like the books answer
> U;Ubook:=1/((1/h0)+sum((X[i]-X[i-1])/ks[i],i=1...N)+(1/hN));difference:=simplify(U-Ubook); Here is a comparison of the expression we found for U to the formula given as eq. 10.6-16 in the text.
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